mirror of
https://git.photon.obnh.io/AXSY/whois.git
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34c631a06d
Based on mwhois by Antonios A. Chariton Modifications for SCION AS support by Olaf Baumert, Axpo Systems AG
527 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
527 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
First of all you need to pull the various netaddr classes and functions into your namespace.
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.. note:: Do this for the purpose of this tutorial only. In your own code, you should be explicit about the classes, functions and constants you import to avoid name clashes.
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>>> from netaddr import *
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----------------
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Creating IP sets
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----------------
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Here how to create IP sets.
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An empty set.
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>>> IPSet()
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IPSet([])
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>>> IPSet([])
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IPSet([])
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>>> len(IPSet([]))
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0
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You can specify either IP addresses and networks as strings. Alternatively, you
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can use IPAddress, IPNetwork, IPRange or other IPSet objects.
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>>> IPSet(['192.0.2.0'])
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/32'])
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>>> IPSet([IPAddress('192.0.2.0')])
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/32'])
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>>> IPSet([IPNetwork('192.0.2.0')])
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/32'])
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>>> IPSet(IPNetwork('1234::/32'))
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IPSet(['1234::/32'])
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>>> IPSet([IPNetwork('192.0.2.0/24')])
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/24'])
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>>> IPSet(IPSet(['192.0.2.0/32']))
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/32'])
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>>> IPSet(IPRange("10.0.0.0", "10.0.1.31"))
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IPSet(['10.0.0.0/24', '10.0.1.0/27'])
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>>> IPSet(IPRange('0.0.0.0', '255.255.255.255'))
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IPSet(['0.0.0.0/0'])
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You can interate over all the IP addresses that are members of the IP set.
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>>> for ip in IPSet(['192.0.2.0/28', '::192.0.2.0/124']):
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... print ip
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192.0.2.0
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192.0.2.1
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192.0.2.2
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192.0.2.3
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192.0.2.4
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192.0.2.5
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192.0.2.6
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192.0.2.7
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192.0.2.8
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192.0.2.9
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192.0.2.10
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192.0.2.11
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192.0.2.12
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192.0.2.13
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192.0.2.14
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192.0.2.15
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::192.0.2.0
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::192.0.2.1
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::192.0.2.2
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::192.0.2.3
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::192.0.2.4
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::192.0.2.5
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::192.0.2.6
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::192.0.2.7
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::192.0.2.8
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::192.0.2.9
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::192.0.2.10
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::192.0.2.11
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::192.0.2.12
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::192.0.2.13
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::192.0.2.14
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::192.0.2.15
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--------------------------------
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Adding and removing set elements
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--------------------------------
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>>> s1 = IPSet()
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>>> s1.add('192.0.2.0')
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>>> s1
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/32'])
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>>> s1.remove('192.0.2.0')
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>>> s1
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IPSet([])
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>>> s1.add(IPRange("10.0.0.0", "10.0.0.255"))
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>>> s1
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IPSet(['10.0.0.0/24'])
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>>> s1.remove(IPRange("10.0.0.128", "10.10.10.10"))
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>>> s1
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IPSet(['10.0.0.0/25'])
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--------------
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Set membership
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--------------
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Here is a simple arbitrary IP address range.
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>>> iprange = IPRange('192.0.1.255', '192.0.2.16')
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We can see the CIDR networks that can existing with this defined range.
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>>> iprange.cidrs()
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[IPNetwork('192.0.1.255/32'), IPNetwork('192.0.2.0/28'), IPNetwork('192.0.2.16/32')]
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Here's an IP set.
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>>> ipset = IPSet(['192.0.2.0/28'])
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Now, let's iterate over the IP addresses in the arbitrary IP address range and see if they are found within the IP set.
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>>> for ip in iprange:
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... print ip, ip in ipset
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192.0.1.255 False
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192.0.2.0 True
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192.0.2.1 True
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192.0.2.2 True
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192.0.2.3 True
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192.0.2.4 True
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192.0.2.5 True
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192.0.2.6 True
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192.0.2.7 True
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192.0.2.8 True
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192.0.2.9 True
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192.0.2.10 True
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192.0.2.11 True
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192.0.2.12 True
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192.0.2.13 True
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192.0.2.14 True
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192.0.2.15 True
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192.0.2.16 False
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More exotic IPSets
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>>> bigone = IPSet(['0.0.0.0/0'])
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>>> IPAddress("10.0.0.1") in bigone
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True
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>>> IPAddress("0.0.0.0") in bigone
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True
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>>> IPAddress("255.255.255") in bigone
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True
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>>> IPNetwork("10.0.0.0/24") in bigone
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True
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>>> IPAddress("::1") in bigone
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False
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>>> smallone = IPSet(["10.0.0.42/32"])
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>>> IPAddress("10.0.0.42") in smallone
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True
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>>> IPAddress("10.0.0.41") in smallone
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False
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>>> IPAddress("10.0.0.43") in smallone
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False
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>>> IPNetwork("10.0.0.42/32") in smallone
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True
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>>> IPNetwork("10.0.0.42/31") in smallone
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False
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-------------------------------------
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Unions, intersections and differences
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-------------------------------------
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Here are some examples of union operations performed on `IPSet` objects.
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>>> IPSet(['192.0.2.0'])
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/32'])
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>>> IPSet(['192.0.2.0']) | IPSet(['192.0.2.1'])
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/31'])
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>>> IPSet(['192.0.2.0']) | IPSet(['192.0.2.1']) | IPSet(['192.0.2.3'])
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/31', '192.0.2.3/32'])
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>>> IPSet(['192.0.2.0']) | IPSet(['192.0.2.1']) | IPSet(['192.0.2.3/30'])
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/30'])
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>>> IPSet(['192.0.2.0']) | IPSet(['192.0.2.1']) | IPSet(['192.0.2.3/31'])
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/30'])
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>>> IPSet(['192.0.2.0/24']) | IPSet(['192.0.3.0/24']) | IPSet(['192.0.4.0/24'])
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/23', '192.0.4.0/24'])
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Here is an example of the union, intersection and symmetric difference operations all in play at the same time.
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>>> adj_cidrs = list(IPNetwork('192.0.2.0/24').subnet(28))
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>>> even_cidrs = adj_cidrs[::2]
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>>> evens = IPSet(even_cidrs)
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>>> evens
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/28', '192.0.2.32/28', '192.0.2.64/28', '192.0.2.96/28', '192.0.2.128/28', '192.0.2.160/28', '192.0.2.192/28', '192.0.2.224/28'])
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>>> IPSet(['192.0.2.0/24']) & evens
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/28', '192.0.2.32/28', '192.0.2.64/28', '192.0.2.96/28', '192.0.2.128/28', '192.0.2.160/28', '192.0.2.192/28', '192.0.2.224/28'])
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>>> odds = IPSet(['192.0.2.0/24']) ^ evens
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>>> odds
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IPSet(['192.0.2.16/28', '192.0.2.48/28', '192.0.2.80/28', '192.0.2.112/28', '192.0.2.144/28', '192.0.2.176/28', '192.0.2.208/28', '192.0.2.240/28'])
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>>> evens | odds
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/24'])
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>>> evens & odds
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IPSet([])
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>>> evens ^ odds
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/24'])
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---------------------
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Supersets and subsets
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---------------------
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IP sets provide the ability to test whether a group of addresses ranges fit within the set of another group of address ranges.
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>>> s1 = IPSet(['192.0.2.0/24', '192.0.4.0/24'])
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>>> s2 = IPSet(['192.0.2.0', '192.0.4.0'])
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>>> s1
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/24', '192.0.4.0/24'])
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>>> s2
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/32', '192.0.4.0/32'])
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>>> s1.issuperset(s2)
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True
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>>> s2.issubset(s1)
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True
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>>> s2.issuperset(s1)
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False
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>>> s1.issubset(s2)
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False
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Here's a more complete example using various well known IPv4 address ranges.
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>>> ipv4_addr_space = IPSet(['0.0.0.0/0'])
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>>> private = IPSet(['10.0.0.0/8', '172.16.0.0/12', '192.0.2.0/24', '192.168.0.0/16', '239.192.0.0/14'])
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>>> reserved = IPSet(['225.0.0.0/8', '226.0.0.0/7', '228.0.0.0/6', '234.0.0.0/7', '236.0.0.0/7', '238.0.0.0/8', '240.0.0.0/4'])
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>>> unavailable = reserved | private
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>>> available = ipv4_addr_space ^ unavailable
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Let's see what we've got:
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>>> for cidr in available.iter_cidrs():
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... print cidr, cidr[0], cidr[-1]
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0.0.0.0/5 0.0.0.0 7.255.255.255
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8.0.0.0/7 8.0.0.0 9.255.255.255
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11.0.0.0/8 11.0.0.0 11.255.255.255
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12.0.0.0/6 12.0.0.0 15.255.255.255
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16.0.0.0/4 16.0.0.0 31.255.255.255
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32.0.0.0/3 32.0.0.0 63.255.255.255
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64.0.0.0/2 64.0.0.0 127.255.255.255
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128.0.0.0/3 128.0.0.0 159.255.255.255
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160.0.0.0/5 160.0.0.0 167.255.255.255
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168.0.0.0/6 168.0.0.0 171.255.255.255
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172.0.0.0/12 172.0.0.0 172.15.255.255
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172.32.0.0/11 172.32.0.0 172.63.255.255
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172.64.0.0/10 172.64.0.0 172.127.255.255
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172.128.0.0/9 172.128.0.0 172.255.255.255
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173.0.0.0/8 173.0.0.0 173.255.255.255
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174.0.0.0/7 174.0.0.0 175.255.255.255
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176.0.0.0/4 176.0.0.0 191.255.255.255
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192.0.0.0/23 192.0.0.0 192.0.1.255
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192.0.3.0/24 192.0.3.0 192.0.3.255
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192.0.4.0/22 192.0.4.0 192.0.7.255
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192.0.8.0/21 192.0.8.0 192.0.15.255
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192.0.16.0/20 192.0.16.0 192.0.31.255
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192.0.32.0/19 192.0.32.0 192.0.63.255
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192.0.64.0/18 192.0.64.0 192.0.127.255
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192.0.128.0/17 192.0.128.0 192.0.255.255
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192.1.0.0/16 192.1.0.0 192.1.255.255
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192.2.0.0/15 192.2.0.0 192.3.255.255
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192.4.0.0/14 192.4.0.0 192.7.255.255
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192.8.0.0/13 192.8.0.0 192.15.255.255
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192.16.0.0/12 192.16.0.0 192.31.255.255
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192.32.0.0/11 192.32.0.0 192.63.255.255
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192.64.0.0/10 192.64.0.0 192.127.255.255
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192.128.0.0/11 192.128.0.0 192.159.255.255
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192.160.0.0/13 192.160.0.0 192.167.255.255
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192.169.0.0/16 192.169.0.0 192.169.255.255
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192.170.0.0/15 192.170.0.0 192.171.255.255
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192.172.0.0/14 192.172.0.0 192.175.255.255
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192.176.0.0/12 192.176.0.0 192.191.255.255
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192.192.0.0/10 192.192.0.0 192.255.255.255
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193.0.0.0/8 193.0.0.0 193.255.255.255
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194.0.0.0/7 194.0.0.0 195.255.255.255
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196.0.0.0/6 196.0.0.0 199.255.255.255
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200.0.0.0/5 200.0.0.0 207.255.255.255
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208.0.0.0/4 208.0.0.0 223.255.255.255
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224.0.0.0/8 224.0.0.0 224.255.255.255
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232.0.0.0/7 232.0.0.0 233.255.255.255
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239.0.0.0/9 239.0.0.0 239.127.255.255
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239.128.0.0/10 239.128.0.0 239.191.255.255
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239.196.0.0/14 239.196.0.0 239.199.255.255
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239.200.0.0/13 239.200.0.0 239.207.255.255
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239.208.0.0/12 239.208.0.0 239.223.255.255
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239.224.0.0/11 239.224.0.0 239.255.255.255
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>>> ipv4_addr_space ^ available
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IPSet(['10.0.0.0/8', '172.16.0.0/12', '192.0.2.0/24', '192.168.0.0/16', '225.0.0.0/8', '226.0.0.0/7', '228.0.0.0/6', '234.0.0.0/7', '236.0.0.0/7', '238.0.0.0/8', '239.192.0.0/14', '240.0.0.0/4'])
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------------------------------
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Combined IPv4 and IPv6 support
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------------------------------
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In keeping with netaddr's pragmatic approach, you are free to mix and match IPv4 and IPv6 within the same data structure.
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>>> s1 = IPSet(['192.0.2.0', '::192.0.2.0', '192.0.2.2', '::192.0.2.2'])
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>>> s2 = IPSet(['192.0.2.2', '::192.0.2.2', '192.0.2.4', '::192.0.2.4'])
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>>> s1
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/32', '192.0.2.2/32', '::192.0.2.0/128', '::192.0.2.2/128'])
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>>> s2
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IPSet(['192.0.2.2/32', '192.0.2.4/32', '::192.0.2.2/128', '::192.0.2.4/128'])
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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IPv4 and IPv6 set union
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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>>> s1 | s2
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/32', '192.0.2.2/32', '192.0.2.4/32', '::192.0.2.0/128', '::192.0.2.2/128', '::192.0.2.4/128'])
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>>> s2 | s1
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/32', '192.0.2.2/32', '192.0.2.4/32', '::192.0.2.0/128', '::192.0.2.2/128', '::192.0.2.4/128'])
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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set intersection
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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>>> s1 & s2
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IPSet(['192.0.2.2/32', '::192.0.2.2/128'])
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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set difference
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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>>> s1 - s2
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/32', '::192.0.2.0/128'])
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>>> s2 - s1
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IPSet(['192.0.2.4/32', '::192.0.2.4/128'])
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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set symmetric difference
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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>>> s1 ^ s2
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/32', '192.0.2.4/32', '::192.0.2.0/128', '::192.0.2.4/128'])
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------------------
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Disjointed IP sets
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------------------
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>>> s1 = IPSet(['192.0.2.0', '192.0.2.1', '192.0.2.2'])
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>>> s2 = IPSet(['192.0.2.2', '192.0.2.3', '192.0.2.4'])
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>>> s1 & s2
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IPSet(['192.0.2.2/32'])
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>>> s1.isdisjoint(s2)
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False
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>>> s1 = IPSet(['192.0.2.0', '192.0.2.1'])
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>>> s2 = IPSet(['192.0.2.3', '192.0.2.4'])
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>>> s1 & s2
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IPSet([])
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>>> s1.isdisjoint(s2)
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True
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------------------
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Updating an IP set
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------------------
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As with a normal Python set you can also update one IP set with the contents of another.
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>>> s1 = IPSet(['192.0.2.0/25'])
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>>> s1
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/25'])
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>>> s2 = IPSet(['192.0.2.128/25'])
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>>> s2
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IPSet(['192.0.2.128/25'])
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>>> s1.update(s2)
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>>> s1
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IPSet(['192.0.2.0/24'])
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>>> s1.update(['192.0.0.0/24', '192.0.1.0/24', '192.0.3.0/24'])
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>>> s1
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IPSet(['192.0.0.0/22'])
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>>> s2 = IPSet(['10.0.0.0/16'])
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>>> s2.update(IPRange('10.1.0.0', '10.1.255.255'))
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>>> s2
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IPSet(['10.0.0.0/15'])
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>>> s2.clear()
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>>> s2
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IPSet([])
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--------------------------------
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Removing elements from an IP set
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--------------------------------
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Removing an IP address from an IPSet will split the CIDR subnets within it into their constituent parts.
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Here we create a set representing the entire IPv4 address space.
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>>> s1 = IPSet(['0.0.0.0/0'])
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>>> s1
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IPSet(['0.0.0.0/0'])
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Then we strip off the last address.
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>>> s1.remove('255.255.255.255')
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Leaving us with:
|
|
|
|
>>> s1
|
|
IPSet(['0.0.0.0/1', '128.0.0.0/2', ..., '255.255.255.252/31', '255.255.255.254/32'])
|
|
>>> list(s1.iter_cidrs())
|
|
[IPNetwork('0.0.0.0/1'), IPNetwork('128.0.0.0/2'), ..., IPNetwork('255.255.255.252/31'), IPNetwork('255.255.255.254/32')]
|
|
>>> len(list(s1.iter_cidrs()))
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
Let's check the result using the `cidr_exclude` function.
|
|
|
|
>>> list(s1.iter_cidrs()) == cidr_exclude('0.0.0.0/0', '255.255.255.255')
|
|
True
|
|
|
|
Next, let's remove the first address from the original range.
|
|
|
|
>>> s1.remove('0.0.0.0')
|
|
|
|
This fractures the CIDR subnets further.
|
|
|
|
>>> s1
|
|
IPSet(['0.0.0.1/32', '0.0.0.2/31', ..., '255.255.255.252/31', '255.255.255.254/32'])
|
|
>>> len(list(s1.iter_cidrs()))
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
You can keep doing this but be aware that large IP sets can take up a lot of memory if they contain many thousands of entries.
|
|
|
|
----------------------------
|
|
Adding elements to an IP set
|
|
----------------------------
|
|
|
|
Let's fix up the fractured IP set from the previous section by re-adding the IP addresses we removed.
|
|
|
|
>>> s1.add('255.255.255.255')
|
|
>>> s1
|
|
IPSet(['0.0.0.1/32', '0.0.0.2/31', ..., '64.0.0.0/2', '128.0.0.0/1'])
|
|
|
|
Getting better.
|
|
|
|
>>> list(s1.iter_cidrs())
|
|
[IPNetwork('0.0.0.1/32'), IPNetwork('0.0.0.2/31'), ..., IPNetwork('64.0.0.0/2'), IPNetwork('128.0.0.0/1')]
|
|
|
|
>>> len(list(s1.iter_cidrs()))
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
Add back the other IP address.
|
|
|
|
>>> s1.add('0.0.0.0')
|
|
|
|
And we're back to our original address.
|
|
|
|
>>> s1
|
|
IPSet(['0.0.0.0/0'])
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------
|
|
Convert an IP set to an IP Range
|
|
--------------------------------
|
|
Sometimes you may want to convert an IPSet back to an IPRange.
|
|
|
|
>>> s1 = IPSet(['10.0.0.0/25', '10.0.0.128/25'])
|
|
>>> s1.iprange()
|
|
IPRange('10.0.0.0', '10.0.0.255')
|
|
|
|
This only works if the IPSet is contiguous
|
|
|
|
>>> s1.iscontiguous()
|
|
True
|
|
>>> s1.remove('10.0.0.16')
|
|
>>> s1
|
|
IPSet(['10.0.0.0/28', '10.0.0.17/32', '10.0.0.18/31', '10.0.0.20/30', '10.0.0.24/29', '10.0.0.32/27', '10.0.0.64/26', '10.0.0.128/25'])
|
|
>>> s1.iscontiguous()
|
|
False
|
|
>>> s1.iprange()
|
|
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
|
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
|
|
ValueError: IPSet is not contiguous
|
|
|
|
If it is not contiguous, you can still convert the IPSet, but you will get multiple IPRanges.
|
|
>>> list(s1.iter_ipranges())
|
|
[IPRange('10.0.0.0', '10.0.0.15'), IPRange('10.0.0.17', '10.0.0.255')]
|
|
|
|
>>> s2 = IPSet(['0.0.0.0/0'])
|
|
>>> s2.iscontiguous()
|
|
True
|
|
>>> s2.iprange()
|
|
IPRange('0.0.0.0', '255.255.255.255')
|
|
|
|
>>> s3 = IPSet()
|
|
>>> s3.iscontiguous()
|
|
True
|
|
>>> s3.iprange()
|
|
|
|
>>> s4 = IPSet(IPRange('10.0.0.0', '10.0.0.8'))
|
|
>>> s4.iscontiguous()
|
|
True
|
|
|
|
----------------------
|
|
Pickling IPSet objects
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
As with all other netaddr classes, you can use ``pickle`` to persist IP sets for later use.
|
|
|
|
>>> import pickle
|
|
>>> ip_data = IPSet(['10.0.0.0/16', 'fe80::/64'])
|
|
>>> buf = pickle.dumps(ip_data)
|
|
>>> ip_data_unpickled = pickle.loads(buf)
|
|
>>> ip_data == ip_data_unpickled
|
|
True
|
|
|
|
----------------------
|
|
Compare IPSet objects
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
>>> x = IPSet(['fc00::/2'])
|
|
>>> y = IPSet(['fc00::/3'])
|
|
|
|
>>> x > y
|
|
True
|
|
|
|
>>> x < y
|
|
False
|
|
|
|
>>> x != y
|
|
True
|